Astronomy exposure stacking signal calculator

Calculate stack signal-to-noise ratio and improvement versus single frame with your own figures.

Your numbers

Use the units shown. Results update as you change valid inputs.

Use stack signal-to-noise ratio and improvement versus single frame to compare changes to your inputs. The method and limits below explain the scope.

Examples

Examples

Try the starting example

Source electrons per frame
100
Background electrons per frame
400
Read noise RMS electrons per frame
3
Independent frames
25
Stack signal-to-noise ratio
22.16211
Improvement versus single frame
5

Try another scenario

Source electrons per frame
110.00000000000001
Background electrons per frame
400
Read noise RMS electrons per frame
3
Independent frames
25
Stack signal-to-noise ratio
24.14232
Improvement versus single frame
5
Calculation method

Calculation method

Stack signal-to-noise ratio

Poisson source+background plus read variance: SNR=sqrt(N)S/sqrt(S+B+r²).

Improvement versus single frame

Poisson source+background plus read variance: SNR=sqrt(N)S/sqrt(S+B+r²).

Symbols and units
a
Source electrons per frame
b
Background electrons per frame
c
Read noise RMS electrons per frame
d
Independent frames

Use the units shown. A list keeps the order in which you enter its values. The symbol ^ means “raised to the power of”.

Assumptions & limits

Assumptions & limits

  • Independent equal frames and ideal calibration; correlated noise excluded. Supported limits: All required fields must be finite values of the exact declared type and within displayed bounds. Lists contain1–1000 finite numbers. JSON tables are numeric rectangular rows, at most100 rows and30 columns; individual tools have stricter shape/domain constraints. Independent equal frames and ideal calibration; correlated noise excluded.
Are these inputs private?

These calculations run in your browser. A shared link contains the values you choose to share. Only questions submitted to the separate AI finder are sent to OpenAI.

Share this page
Share this calculator

Leave unchecked to share the page without your entered values.