Forward-Euler discrete-to-continuous approximation calculator

Calculate forward-Euler approximate continuous A and forward-Euler approximate continuous B with your own figures.

Your numbers

Use the units shown. Results update as you change valid inputs.

Use forward-Euler approximate continuous A and forward-Euler approximate continuous B to compare changes to your inputs. The method and limits below explain the scope.

Examples

Examples

Try the starting example

Discrete state matrix A
[[0.9,0.1],[0,0.8]]
Discrete input matrix B
[[0.1],[0]]
Sample interval (seconds)
0.1
Forward-Euler approximate continuous A (JSON)
[[-1,1],[0,-2]]
Forward-Euler approximate continuous B (JSON)
[[1],[0]]

Try another scenario

Discrete state matrix A
[[1.9,0.1],[0,0.8]]
Discrete input matrix B
[[0.1],[0]]
Sample interval (seconds)
0.1
Forward-Euler approximate continuous A (JSON)
[[9,1],[0,-2]]
Forward-Euler approximate continuous B (JSON)
[[1],[0]]
Calculation method

Calculation method

Forward-Euler approximate continuous A (JSON)

Invert forward-Euler approximation: Ac≈(Ad−I)/Ts, Bc≈Bd/Ts; explicitly not exact matrix-logarithm conversion.

Forward-Euler approximate continuous B (JSON)

Invert forward-Euler approximation: Ac≈(Ad−I)/Ts, Bc≈Bd/Ts; explicitly not exact matrix-logarithm conversion.

Symbols and units
a
Discrete state matrix A
b
Discrete input matrix B
c
Sample interval (seconds)

Use the units shown. A list keeps the order in which you enter its values. The symbol ^ means “raised to the power of”.

Assumptions & limits

Assumptions & limits

  • User-supplied measurements and assumptions; Invert forward-Euler approximation: Ac≈(Ad−I)/Ts, Bc≈Bd/Ts; explicitly not exact matrix-logarithm conversion. Supported limits: Finite numeric values bounded to 1e9 magnitude; lists and tables contain 1–100 records unless a stricter bound is stated. Inputs use the units shown. Lists explicitly paired by a method must have matching lengths; independent polynomial coefficient vectors may differ. Respect stated physical, interpolation, policy and computational domain limits.
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Further reading

Method reference ↗

Background reading; this does not imply endorsement or independent review of SumFizz.

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