THE NUMBERS, EXPLAINED
How to use this calculator.
Unweighted paired residuals are prediction minus observation; all rows have equal importance. Percentage metrics and uncertainty estimates are excluded.
Start with your inputs
Enter predicted values (measurement units), observed values (measurement units). Keep amounts in the units shown on each field. The example is a starting point, not a recommended value.
| Input | Example value |
|---|---|
| Predicted values (measurement units) | 2,4,8 |
| Observed values (measurement units) | 1,6,8 |
A worked example
With the example inputs above, residuals (measurement units) is 1, -2, 0. Change the inputs to explore your own scenario.
| Result | Example answer |
|---|---|
| Residuals (measurement units) | 1, -2, 0 |
| Mean absolute error (measurement units) | 1 |
| Mean squared error (squared units) | 1.666667 |
| Mean bias (measurement units) | -0.333333 |
How this is calculated
Residuals (measurement units)
Subtract observation from prediction for each row.
Mean absolute error (measurement units)
Average absolute residuals.
Mean squared error (squared units)
Average squared residuals.
Mean bias (measurement units)
Average signed residuals.
Symbols and units
- a
- Predicted values (measurement units)
- b
- Observed values (measurement units)
Use the units shown. A list keeps the order in which you enter its values. The symbol ^ means “raised to the power of”.
Assumptions and limits
Unweighted paired residuals are prediction minus observation; all rows have equal importance. Percentage metrics and uncertainty estimates are excluded.
Calculations use the values you enter. Blank or invalid inputs show an error instead of silently substituting zero. Results are displayed to useful precision; calculations retain the underlying numeric precision.
Questions about this tool
What does the result tell me?
Residuals (measurement units); Mean absolute error (measurement units); Mean squared error (squared units); Mean bias (measurement units). The result applies to the method and inputs described above. Check the units and assumptions before using it in a decision.
Why might another calculator differ?
Differences in units, rounding, timing or model definitions can produce different answers. Compare the input definitions and the method, rather than only the final number. For this tool: Unweighted paired residuals are prediction minus observation; all rows have equal importance. Percentage metrics and uncertainty estimates are excluded.
Are my inputs stored or sent to AI?
Calculations on this page happen in your browser. The separate AI question finder sends its submitted conversation to OpenAI; these calculator fields are not sent. Favourites and recent tool names are stored locally. A shared link contains the inputs you choose to include.
Further reading
scikit-learn model evaluation documentation ↗
Background reading; this does not imply endorsement or independent review of SumFizz.
Review status
Software example and browser checks are recorded in our quality report. No external expert review is claimed. Created with coding assistance; calculations run as ordinary browser code.
Read the quality report →