Model railway helix geometry calculator

Calculate required turns and helical track length with your own figures.

Your numbers

Use the units shown. Results update as you change valid inputs.

Use required turns and helical track length to compare changes to your inputs. The method and limits below explain the scope.

Examples

Examples

Try the starting example

Centerline radius (millimetres)
500
Rise per complete turn (millimetres)
80
Target rise (millimetres)
200
Required vertical clearance including deck (millimetres)
70
Required turns
2.5
Helical track length (millimetres)
7,856.5277
Grade (percent)
2.546479
Vertical clearance margin (millimetres)
10

Try another scenario

Centerline radius (millimetres)
600
Rise per complete turn (millimetres)
90
Target rise (millimetres)
270
Required vertical clearance including deck (millimetres)
95
Required turns
3
Helical track length (millimetres)
11,312.955981
Grade (percent)
2.387324
Vertical clearance margin (millimetres)
-5
Calculation method

Calculation method

Required turns

Target rise/rise per turn; fractional final turn allowed.

Helical track length (millimetres)

Turns×sqrt((2πradius)^2+rise per turn²).

Grade (percent)

100×rise per turn/(2πradius).

Vertical clearance margin (millimetres)

Rise per turn−required clearance.

Symbols and units
a
Centerline radius (millimetres)
b
Rise per complete turn (millimetres)
c
Target rise (millimetres)
d
Required vertical clearance including deck (millimetres)

Use the units shown. A list keeps the order in which you enter its values. The symbol ^ means “raised to the power of”.

Assumptions & limits

Assumptions & limits

  • Circular helix with uniform rise; clearance is supplied usable vertical requirement, not a rolling-stock recommendation. Supported limits: All numeric inputs and computed intermediates must remain finite. Supported numeric input magnitude is zero or 1e-12 through 1e12 in absolute value; reject values outside this bounded range. All lists/JSON record tables are limited to 100 records unless a stricter bound is stated; reject malformed record arity and wrong member types. All numeric values must be finite. Lists contain at most 100 records; required lists must be nonempty. Rates, probabilities and fractions are entered as fractions, not percentages; fractions must be between 0 and 1. Use a single consistent user-selected currency for all amounts; no exchange-rate conversion.
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