Molar mass
Uses a documented small table of standard atomic weights and supports simple parenthesised formulas.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Chemistry and scientific quantities calculators
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Calculators
Moles and mass
Amount in moles equals mass divided by molar mass.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Particle count
Uses the exact Avogadro constant, 6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Molarity
Use the final solution volume, not the solvent volume before mixing.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Molality
The denominator is solvent mass, not total solution mass.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Dilution equation
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ conserves solute under an ideal nonreacting dilution.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Serial dilution
A dilution factor of ten means one part original solution in ten parts final volume.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Mass percent concentration
Both masses must use the same unit.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Volume percent concentration
Use measured final volume; volumes can change on mixing.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Parts per million
One milligram per kilogram is one ppm by mass.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Density
Density depends on temperature, pressure and material state.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Ideal gas law
Ideal-gas model using R in kPa·L/(mol·K).
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Combined gas law
Fixed gas amount with absolute temperatures.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Partial pressure
Ideal-gas mixture under Dalton’s law.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Gas molar volume
Ideal-gas molar volume at the explicitly supplied temperature and pressure.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Reaction stoichiometry
Uses coefficients from an already balanced reaction.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Limiting reactant
Compare available moles divided by stoichiometric coefficients.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Percent yield
A yield above 100% can indicate impurities, moisture or a calculation error; it is displayed rather than silently capped.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Atom economy
Use masses weighted by balanced-equation coefficients.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Beer-Lambert absorbance
Beer–Lambert law assumes a suitable dilute, non-scattering sample and monochromatic measurement.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Absorbance and transmittance
Absorbance is minus the base-10 logarithm of the transmitted fraction.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Specific heat energy
Assumes constant specific heat and no phase change.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Latent heat energy
Applies to the selected phase change at its transition conditions, not sensible heating before or after it.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Thermal expansion
Linear thermal expansion with a constant coefficient and no mechanical constraint.
Chemistry and scientific quantities ↗Arrhenius rate ratio
Arrhenius ratio assuming constant activation energy and pre-exponential factor over the temperature range.
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