Thin lens conjugate distances
Real-positive sign convention, virtual image negative; image at infinity rejected.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Optics and imaging systems calculators
25 calculators. Search or choose one below.
Calculators
Lens diopter conversion
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Separated lens effective focal length
Paraxial thin lenses in air; excludes afocal case.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Lens extension magnification
Simple symmetrical thin-lens extension, no internal focus or pupil asymmetry.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Macro effective aperture
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Bellows exposure compensation
Total lens-to-image distance, not extension beyond infinity; pupil ratio assumed1.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Diffraction Airy disc size
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Diffraction sampling comparison
Sampling comparison only; not a complete modulation transfer or image-quality assessment.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Lens numerical aperture
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Microscope magnification chain
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Microscope field diameter
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Microscope resolution estimate
Ideal lateral criterion, not optical section thickness or guaranteed resolved detail.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Microscope calibrated measurement
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Snell refraction angle
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Critical angle
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Brewster angle
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Fresnel reflectance
Real nonabsorbing indices, single flat interface; no coating or phase computation.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Prism minimum deviation
Calculation uses the entered values and stated mathematical model; quantities must use the labelled units.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Diffraction grating angles
Angles signed to common normal; reflection sign conventions differ.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Double-slit fringe spacing
Far-field small-angle model, same unit conversions explicitly applied.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Newton rings radius
Ideal contact, air film, one phase reversal; ring order starts zero.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Optical density stack
Independent ideal absorptive filters, neglecting multiple reflections.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Polarizer transmission
Angles relative to previous polarization axis; unpolarized first-pass halving not assumed.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Integrating sphere port fraction
Planar circular aperture approximation; ignores spherical-cap correction and detector response.
Optics and imaging systems ↗Spectrometer wavelength calibration
Calibration within supplied pixel range; polynomial extrapolation not validated.
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